Passive Voice: Penjelasan, Rumus, Contoh dan Soal Latihan

Definisi

“A passive voice occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence”. Passive voice atau kalimat pasif adalah jenis kalimat bahasa Inggris yang menekankan pada objek atau penerima aksi (receiver of action). Sedangkan kalimat aktif menekankan pada subjek atau pelaku kegiatan (doer of action). Passive voice digunakan ketika tidak mengetahui atau tidak ingin menyatakan siapa yang melakukan aksi tersebut. Jika ingin menyebutkan siapa atau apa yang melakukan aksi dalam kalimat pasif, maka ditambahkan preposisi by. 

Cara Membentuk

Perhatikan kalimat berikut ini:

Elsa watches television

Television is watched by Elsa

Berikut adalah langkah-langkah mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif: 

1. Objek dalam kalimat aktif diubah menjadi subjek dalam kalimat pasif dan sebaliknya.
2. Verb dalam kalimat aktif berubah menjadi to be + verb 3 (past participle) dalam kalimat pasif.
3. Apabila ingin menyatakan pelaku aksi maka ditambahkan "by + object" di akhir kalimat.

Rumus dan Contoh

Karena ada banyak sekali model kalimat aktif maka ada banyak pula model kalimat pasif. Perlu diingat bahwa rumus dasar dari passive voice adalah to be + verb 3. Rumus berikut hanya menyesuaikan dengan bentuk kalimat aktifnya.

1. Simple Present Tense
   Rumus
   Kalimat aktif: subject + verb 1 + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + is/am/are + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He writes a book.
   Kalimat pasif: A book is written by him.
   
   
2. Present Continuous Tense
   Rumus
   Kalimat aktif: subject + is/am/are + verb-ing + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + is/am/are being + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat:Kalimat aktif: He is writing a book.
   Kalimat pasif: A book is being written by him.
   
   
3. Present Perfect Tense
   Rumus
   Kalimat aktif: subject + have/has + verb 3 + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + have/has been + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He has written a book.
   Kalimat pasif: A book has been written by him.
   
   
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
   Rumus
   Kalimat aktif: subject + have/has been + verb-ing + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + have/has been being + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He has been writing a book.
   Kalimat pasif: A book has been being written by him.
   
   
5. Simple Past Tense
   Rumus
   Kalimat aktif: subject + verb 2 + object
   Kalimat pasif : subject + was/were + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He wrote a book yesterday.
   Kalimat pasif: A book was written by him yesterday.
   
   
6. Past Continuous Tense
   Rumus
   Kalimat aktif: subject + was/were + verb-ing + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + was/were being + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He was writing a book yesterday.
   Kalimat pasif: A book was being written by him.
   
   
7. Past Perfect Tense
   Rumus
   Kalimat aktif: subject + had + verb 3 + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + had been + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He had written a book.
   Kalimat pasif: A book had been written by him.
   
   
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
   Rumus
   Kalimat aktif: subject + had been + verb-ing + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + had been being + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He had been writing a book.
   Kalimat pasif: A book had been being written by him.
   
   
9. Simple Future Tense
   Rumus dengan will
   Kalimat aktif: subject + will + verb 1 + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + will be + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He will write a book tomorrow.
   Kalimat pasif: A book will be written by him.
   
   Rumus dengan going to
   Kalimat aktif: subject + is/am/are + going to + verb 1 + object
   Kalimat pasif: subject + is/am/are + going + to be + verb 3 + by + object
   Contoh kalimat
   Kalimat aktif: He is going to write a book tomorrow.
   Kalimat pasif: A book is going to be written by him.
   
   
10. Future Continuous Tense
    Rumus
    Kalimat aktif: subject + will be + verb-ing + object
    Kalimat pasif: subject + will be being + verb 3 + by + object
    Contoh kalimat
    Kalimat aktif: He will be writing A book.
    Kalimat pasif: A book will be being written by him.
    
    
11. Future Perfect Tense
    Rumus
    Kalimat aktif: subject + will have + verb 3 + object
    Kalimat pasif: subject + will have been + verb 3 + by + object
    Contoh kalimat
    Kalimat aktif: He will have written a book.
    Kalimat pasif: A book will have been written by him.
    
    
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    Rumus
    Kalimat aktif: subject + will have + been + verb-ing + object
    Kalimat pasif: subject + will have been being + verb 3 + by + object
    Contoh kalimat
    Kalimat aktif: He will have been writing a book.
    Kalimat pasif: A book will have been being written by him.
    
    
13. Simple Past Future
    Rumus
    Kalimat aktif: subject + would + verb 1 + object
    Kalimat pasif: subject + would be + verb 3 + by + object
    Contoh kalimat
    Kalimat aktif: I would write a book tonight.
    Kalimat pasif: A book would be written by him.
    
    
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
    Rumus
    Kalimat aktif: subject + would be + verb-ing + object
    Kalimat pasif: subject + would be being + verb 3 + by + object
    Contoh kalimat
    Kalimat aktif: He would be writing a book.
    Kalimat pasif: A book would be being written by him.
    
    
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
    Rumus
    Kalimat aktif: subject + would have + verb 3 + object
    Kalimat pasif: subject + would have been + verb 3 + by + object
    Contoh kalimat
    Kalimat aktif: He would have written a book.
    Kalimat pasif: A book would have been written by him.
    
    
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    Rumus
    Kalimat aktif: subject + would have been + verb-ing + object
    Kalimat pasif: subject + would have been being + verb 3 + by + object
    Contoh kalimat
    Kalimat aktif: He would have been writing a book.
    Kalimat pasif: A book would have been being written by him.
    
    
17. Modal (can, must, may, will, etc)
    Rumus
    Kalimat aktif: subject + modal + verb + object
    Kalimat pasif: subject + modal + be + verb 3 + by + object
    Contoh kalimat
    Kalimat aktif: He must write a book.
    Kalimat pasif: A book must be written by him.

Soal Latihan

Correct the verb between brackets

1. Sign language … in the 16th century. (invent)
2. The videos … by thousands of viewers every day. (viewed)
3. Many anime … into English, and people all over the world are able to watch them. (translate)
4. Jonathan will … a more responsible position by the boss. (offer)
5. Our final science project has … as the best project. (be/choose)

Change the following sentences from active to passive.

1. People speak English as a second language all over the world these days.
   English ….
2. A mechanic fixes cars which have problems.
   Cars which have problems ….
3. Grandma serves dinner every night.
   Dinner ….
4. No one had touched the food before my father came.
   The food ….
5. Dona hasn’t written the letter yet.
   The letter ….
6. Maria didn’t make that cake.
   That cake ….
7. Nobody can deny the role of the teacher.
   The role of the teacher ….
8. Is Toni fixing the car?
   … the car …?
9. Charlie wrote many songs.
   Many songs ….
10. Brian will invite Annie to a party.
    Annie ….

 

Answer:

1. Sign language was invented in the 16th century.
2. The videos are viewed by thousands of viewers every day.
3. Many anime are translated into English, and people all over the world are able to watch them.
4. Jonathan will be offered a more responsible position by the boss.
5. Our final science project has been chosen as the best project.

1. English is spoken as a second language (by people) all over the world these days (by people).
2. Cars which have problems are fixed by a mechanic. 
3. Dinner is served by grandma every night.
4. The food hadn’t been touched by anyone before my father came.
5. The letter hasn’t been written by Dona yet.
6. That cake wasn’t made by Maria.
7. The role of the teacher can be denied by nobody.
8. Is the car being fixed by Toni?
9. Many songs were written by Charlie.
10. Annie will be invited to a party by Bill. 

 

Penutup

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Referensi:

Rumus Active dan Passive Voice Beserta Contoh Kalimat Bahasa Inggris - Bobo (grid.id)