Present Perfect Tense: Penjelasan, Rumus, dan Soal Latihan

Definisi dan Fungsi

“The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened (or never happened) in the past and ended in the past or still continues into the present time.” Present perfect umumnya digunakan untuk:

• Menyatakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lampau dan sudah selesai.
• Menyatakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lampau dan masih berlangsung di masa sekarang (tetapi masa depannya masih tidak menentu).
• Menyatakan kejadian berulang di masa lalu.

Ciri-Ciri

Kalimat dalam Present Perfect Tense dapat dikenali dengan memperhatikan hal-hal sebagai berikut:

1. Rumus: Subject + have/has + Verb 3 (Past Participle Form)
2. Waktu yang dimaksud tidak spesifik. Jika waktunya disebutkan secara spesifik, maka digunakan simple past tense.
3. Umumnya menggunakan kata seperti: already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now.
4. Present perfect tense menekankan pada dampak atau hasil dari suatu aksi yang sudah selesai dilakukan. Dampak tersebut harus masih bisa dirasakan sampai saat ini.

Rumus

Berikut adalah rumus Present Perfect Tense untuk kalimat dalam bentuk positif, negatif, dan pertanyaan/interogatif.

• Kalimat Positif (+)
  She has seen the latest movie in cinema this year.
  (subject + have/has + verb 3 + complement)

• Kalimat Negatif (-)
  She has not seen the latest movie in cinema this year.
  (subject + have/has + not + verb 3 + complement)

• Kalimat Pertanyaan/interogatif (?)
  Has she seen the latest movie in cinema this year?
  (Have/has + subject + + verb 3 + complement + ?)

Contoh Penggunaan

Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai

They have moved into a new house.

(Mereka telah pindah ke sebuah rumah baru.)

I have already visited Japan.

(Aku sudah pernah mengunjungi Jepang.)

Menyatakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lampau dan masih berlangsung

Rina and Dino have been here since six o'clock.

(Rina dan Dino sudah disini sejak pukul 6.)

I have been here for five hours.

(Aku sudah disini selama 5 jam.)

Menyatakan kejadian berulang di masa lalu

She has written letters for the last two month.

(Dia telah menulis surat selama 2 bulan terakhir.)

I have had five tests so far this year.

(Aku sudah mendapat 5 tes selama tahun ini.)

Soal Latihan

Answer the question by choosing the right answer.

1. Amanda is looking for her key. She can’t find it. She … his key. (lose)
   a. have lost
   b. has lost
   c. will lost
   d. is losing
2. I have finished a report, but I … to Andy (report)
   a. have reported
   b. has reported
   c. have not reported
   d. has not reported
3. My friend, Ronald ... ball to Fred's brother. (bring)
   a. have not bring
   b. has brought
   c. have brought
   d. will bring
4. Our teacher went to your house, but you … at home (be)
   a. have not been
   b. have been
   c. has not been
   d. has been
5. I … in this apartment since last year. (live)
   a. have lived
   b. don’t live
   c. will live
   d. are living
6. They … to Madura for two weeks. (go)
   a. have gone
   b. has gone
   c. will go
   d. is going
7. Teddy and Jerry … rocks to my dog. (throw)
   a. have thrown
   b has thrown
   c. will throw
   d. are throwing
8. We … some movie tickets for you and your sibling. (buy)
   a. have not bought
   b. have bought
   c. has not bought
   d. has bought
9. Ali    : Would you like something to drink?
   Nada : No, thanks. I … so much. (drink)
   a. have drunk
   b. has drunk
   c. will drank
   d. am drinking
10. My grandma … a coconut tree for you. (plant)
    a. have not planted
    b. have planted
    c. has not planted
    d. has planted

Find and correct a mistake into the correct form of present perfect tense!

1. Rendy has study last time.
2. I have taked a new smartphone in the store.
3. Alexa is away in September. He has came to Surabaya.
4. Malika is not here now. Zaid gone to Jakarta.
5. Is Fadil in my home? No, Fadil has go to market.
6. Melinda is forgetful. He told Melinda about his house yesterday, but he has forgotten it.
7. Mother told me the recipe, but I did not made it since she left home.
8. Mother have cooked fried chicken, but you have eaten it.
9. Maulana has buy a new motorcycle, but he never uses it.
10. Mrs Jenny is in Italy right now. Has we gone to Italy since last month?

Answer:

Answer:

1. c
2. b
3. b
4. a
5. a
6. a
7. a
8. c
9. a
10. d

1. Rendy has studied last time.
2. I have taken a new smartphone in the store.
3. Alexa is away in September. He has come to Surabaya.
4. Malika is not here now. Malika has gone to Jakarta.
5. Is Fadil in my home? No, Fadil has gone to market.
6. Melinda is forgetful. He told Melinda about his house yesterday, but she has forgotten it.
7. Mother told me the recipe, but I have not made it since she left home.
8. Mother has cooked fried chicken, but you have eaten it.
9. Maulana has bought a new motorcycle, but he never uses it.
10. Mrs Jenny is in Italy right now. Has she gone to Italy since last month?

Penutup

Demikian penjelasan mengenai present perfect tense yang dapat saya sampaikan. Apabila ada masukan silahkan tinggalkan komentar agar artikel ini tidak menyesatkan publik. Terimakasih.

Referensi:

Tips Menguasai 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris | EF Blog

Present Tense: Definition, Rules and Examples of the 04 Present Tenses • 7ESL

23 Contoh Soal Present Perfect Tense Pilihan Ganda dan Jawabannya - khoiri.com