Cause and Effect Sentences: Definisi, Ciri, Struktur, dan Soal Latihan
Definisi
"Cause-and-effect describes a relationship between actions or events in which at least one action or event is a direct result of the others".
Ciri-Ciri
Ciri-ciri Kalimat Cause (Sebab) Jawaban dari pertanyaan, “Mengapa hal tersebut bisa terjadi?” Terdapat signal words/linking words/causal linking Bisa berada di awal atau di akhir Ciri-ciri Kalimat Effect (Akibat) Jawaban dari pertanyaan, “Apa akibat yang dihasilkan?” Terdapat signal words/linking words/causal linking Bisa berada di awal atau di akhir Bisa diganti dengan kata benda/noun (tidak harus berbentuk klausa)Ciri-ciri Paragraf Cause and Effect
Meskipun dalam artikel tidak dibahas lebih lanjut mengenai paragraf sebab akibat hendaknya pembaca mengenai ciri-ciri berikut.
Terdapat gagasan utama pada keseluruhan isi teks.Terdapat kalimat Penyebab berupa kalimat-kalimat pendukung.
Terdapat kalimat akibat yang dijadikan sebagai kesimpulan.
Affect VS Effect
Signal Words dalam Cause and Effect
Kalimat cause and effect umumnya berbentuk complex sentence (memiliki independent clause/main clause/induk kalimat dan satu dependent clause/subordinate clause/anak kalimat).
Untuk menghubungkan independent clause dan dependent clause sehingga terbentuk kalimat cause and effect, kita membutuhkan linking words/signal words/causal linking. Berikut ini beberapa signal words dalam cause and effect:
Signal words untuk menyatakan cause
Because (karena)
The reason for (alasan untuk)
On account of (karena)
Bring about (membawa)
Give rise to (menimbulkan)
Created by (dibuat oleh)
Contributed to (berkontribusi pada)
Led to (dipimpin ke)
Due to (karena)
Owing to (berdasarkan fakta itu)
In view of (berdasarkan fakta itu)
Forasmuch as (berdasarkan fakta itu)
Seeing that (melihat kondisi tersebut)
Being that (karena)
Starting point (titik pangkal)
Signal words untuk menyatakan effect
As a result (hasil dari)
Then (kemudian)
Hence (karenanya)
For this reason (untuk alasan ini)
Therefore (karena itu)
Outcome (hasil)
So (jadi)
Consequently (akibatnya)
Finally (akhirnya)
In order to (untuk)
Upshot (hasil)
In consequence (konsekuensinya)
Reaction (reaksi)
Accordingly (demikian)
Thus (dengan demikian)
Struktur Kalimat
Umumnya struktur yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:
Signal words + Cause + Effect
Effect + Signal words + Cause
Selain itu, penggunaan tanda koma umumnya digunakan apabila signal words terdapat pada awal kalimat. Sebagai contoh:
He always gets punished because of his laziness.
(Dia selalu kena hukuman karena kemalasannya.)
As a result of heavy rain, we canceled the picnic.
(Karena hujan deras, kita membatalkan piknik.)
1. Cause and Effect yang diikuti oleh Klausa (Subject + Verb)
Signal words yang umum dipakai yaitu because, since, as, for. Berikut contohnya:
Because
Because diikuti oleh subject dan verb (klausa).
We canceled the flight because the weather is bad.
(Kita membatalkan penerbangan karena cuaca dingin.)
Therefore
Therefore memiliki arti yang sama dengan “so” atau “as a result” tetapi dapat digunakan dalam beberapa posisi yang berbeda tanpa mengubah makna.
Mario didn’t study. Therefore, he failed the test.
Mario didn’t study. He, therefore, failed the test.
Mario didn’t study. He failed the test, therefore.
(Mario tidak belajar. Sehingga dia gagal tes.)
2. Cause and Effect yang diikuti oleh Noun atau Noun Phrase
Noun phrase adalah sebuah frasa yang terdiri dari noun (kata benda) dan semua pengubahnya (biasanya determiners dan modifiers) misalnya beautiful girl, a new car, etc. Disini klausa yang menyatakan sebab (cause) akan selalu berada setelah signal words. Signal words yang biasa digunakan adalah because of, thanks to, as a result of, due to, as a consequence of, owing to. Berikut contohnya:
Because of
Because of diikuti oleh noun/kata benda yang menjelaskan verb suatu kejadian.
We canceled the flight because of the bad weather.
(Kita membatalkan penerbangan karena cuaca dingin.)
Due to
Due to diikuti oleh noun/kata benda yang menjelaskan noun suatu kejadian.
The flight cancellation was due to bad weather.
(Pembatalan penerbangan karena cuaca dingin.)
3. Contoh Khusus
Such (adjective + noun) that
Terkadang kata “that” boleh dihilangkan.
It was such good coffee that I bought another cup.
(Kopi yang sangat enak sehingga aku membeli secangkir lagi.)
It was such a rainy day that we couldn’t go outside.
(Hari itu hujan sehingga kita tidak bisa keluar.)
So (adjective/adverb) that
Terkadang kata “that” boleh dihilangkan.
This coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.
(Kopi ini sangat panas sehingga aku tidak bisa meminum ini.)
I am so hungry that I could eat you.
(Aku sangat lapar sehingga aku sanggup memakan kamu.)
Soal Latihan
Answer the question by choosing the right answer!
I cannot go to my teacher's house ... she will have another appointment. a. Because b. Because of c. Of d. On e. Or
- I love living in Australia ... the weather.a. Becauseb. Sincec. Asd. Because ofe. But
- Keith lost his job due ... cutbacks in the department.a. Forb. Atc. Tod. Bye. Either
- ... I had my lunch, I didn’t miss Pizza.a. Althoughb. Moreoverc. Finallyd. Alreadye. Since
- Which one is not correct? "He did not attend the exam......, he failed."a. As a reasonb. As a consequencec. As a resultd. Consequentlye. As a predict
- She never helps anyone ... having a lot of money.a. Wheneverb. Howeverc. In spite ofd. Insteade. Even though
- She never helps anyone ... having a lot of money.a. Wheneverb. Howeverc. In spite ofd. Insteade. Eventhough
- The increase in tropical storms in recent year has been ... global warming.a. Put up withb. Put down withc. Set down tod. Put toe. Both
- She will stay at home ... she does not have anything to do outside.a. Sinceb. Actc. Shortd. Drivee. For
- The increase in the number of cans on the road has resulted … more and more traffic jams.a. Inb. Toc. Atd. Fore. And
- Victor finished his job earlier due ... bad weather.a. Tob. Inc. Byd. Fore. Sure
- Jake was ill last night, ... he did not eat anything the whole day.a. Becauseb. Abovec. Sured. Sadnesse. So
- The increase of the cars on the road resulted ... more and more traffic jams.a. Tob. Onc. Ind. Fore. Or
- “He got to work really, really late “Cos he missed his train”. Which cause and effect word is ‘Cos' short for?a. Due tob. Becausec. Asd. Sincee. Neither
- I am not feeling well, …. I will come to the party.a. Becauseb. Howeverc. Sinced. Unlesse. Even though

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