Past Perfect Tense: Penjelasan, Rumus, dan Soal Latihan

Definisi dan Fungsi

"The past perfect tense is used to talk about a situation that occurred in the past and completed in the past which usually was followed by another action." Past perfect tense lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi peristiwa. Jadi tense ini umumnya digunakan untuk:

• Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai pada masa lalu dan kemudian diikuti oleh peristiwa lain yang terjadi sebelum masa sekarang.
• Menyatakan dua peristiwa pada masa lalu yang saling berkaitan tetapi terpisah oleh waktu.

Ciri-Ciri

Kalimat dalam Past Perfect Tense dapat dikenali dengan memperhatikan hal-hal sebagai berikut:

1. Rumus: Subject + had + Verb III (past participle form)
2. Diikuti oleh peristiwa lain yang terjadi sebelum masa sekarang (peristiwa ini menggunakan simple past tense).
3. Umumnya terdapat kata time adverb seperti before, yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day, by the time, etc.

Rumus

Berikut adalah rumus untuk kalimat  past perfect tense dalam bentuk positif, negatif, dan pertanyaan/interogatif.

• Kalimat Positif (+)
  He had finished his homework before his mother arrived.
  (subject + had + verb 3 + complement)
• Kalimat Negatif (-)
  He had not finished his homework before his mother arrived.
  (subject + had + not + verb 3 + complement)
• Kalimat pertanyaan/interogatif (?)
  Had he finished his homework before his mother arrived?
  (had + subject + verb 3 + complement + ?)

Contoh Penggunaan

Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai dan diikuti oleh peristiwa lain pada masa lalu

My father had already eaten by the time mother got home.

(Ayah sudah makan pada saat ibu pulang.)

Lisa had forgotten to lock the door before she left home.

(Lisa telah lupa untuk mengunci pintu sebelum dia meninggalkan rumah.)

Menyatakan dua peristiwa pada masa lalu yang saling berkaitan tetapi terpisah oleh waktu

The thief simply walked in. Lisa had forgotten to lock the door. 

(Pencuri masuk dengan mudah. Lisa telah lupa untuk mengunci pintu.)

Until last night, I had never heard about the news.

(Hingga tadi malam, aku tidak pernah mendengar tentang berita tersebut.)

Terkadang menggunakan simple past tense jika menggunakan before/after (waktunya sudah jelas)

Zaskia had left before I met her.

(Zaskia sudah pergi sebelum aku menemuinya.)

VS

Zaskia left before I met her.

(Zaskia sudah pergi sebelum aku menemuinya.)

Soal Latihan

Answer the question by choosing the right answer.

1. Ginanjar … home before she went home.
   a. went
   b. had gone
   c. gone
   d. is going
   e. has going
2. Last night, Maya told us that she … England in 2000.
   a. had visited
   b. had visiting
   c. is visiting
   d. has visited
   e. visited
3. Giorno had… in Italy for ten years before he moved to America.
   a. had lived
   b. is living
   c. lives
   d. lived
   e. has been living
4. The teacher … the material before he gave the test.
   a. had reviewed
   b. reviewed
   c. reviewer
   d. reviews
   e. is reviewing
5. After Dio … England, he went to Egypt.
   a. has visited
   b. visited
   c. had visited
   d. has been visiting
   e. was visited
6. Before Aliando went to sleep, he … his family.
   a. calling
   b. called
   c. is calling
   d. had called
   e. calls
7. Mr Joko … at the university for twenty years before he retired.
   a. worked
   b. was working
   c. is working
   d. was been worked
   e. had worked
8. After the members … the effect, they agreed to apply a new rule.
   a. was considering
   b. was considered
   c. considered
   d. as been considered
   e. had considered
9. The doctor … the patient before he gave a recipe.
   a. examining
   b. examine
   c. has been examining
   d. had examined
   e. examines
10. The car … before I sold it for a low price.
    a. crashed
    b. had been crashing
    c. had crashed
    d. crash
    e. crashes

Find and correct a mistake into the correct form of the past perfect tense!

1. Jessica had studies English before she moved to London.
2. Had you studied English before you moves to London?
3. Jessica had not studied English after she moved to London.
4. Kristina had never been to a hospital after last week.
5. Harry has been in London for over eight years by the time Ronald visited him.
6. Sherly had visited her sibling once in 1985 before she was moved in with them in 1990.
7. Before I gone to Indonesia, I had never seen such a beautiful temple.
8. My boyfriend did not have any money because she had lost his wallet.
9. Zain felt nervous when the couch had asked him to had swim in the Dead Sea.
10. Jojo felt happy because he is never flown before.

Answer:

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. a
5. a
6. d
7. e
8. c
9. d
10. c

1. Jessica had studied English before she moved to London.
2. Had you studied English before you moved to London?
3. Jessica had not studied English before she moved to London.
4. Kristina had never been to a hospital before last week.
5. Harry had been in London for over eight years by the time Ronald visited him.
6. Sherly had visited her sibling once in 1985 before she moved in with them in 1990.
7. Before I went to Indonesia, I had never seen such a beautiful temple.
8. My boyfriend did not have any money because he had lost his wallet.
9. Zain felt nervous when the couch had asked him to swim in the Dead Sea.
10. Jojo felt happy because he had never flown before.

 

Penutup

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Referensi:

Tips Menguasai 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris | EF Blog

Past Tense: Definition, Rules and Examples of Past Tenses • 7ESL